

Graviola is a small evergreen tree standing upright to about 5–6 m high with large, glossy, dark green leaves. It produces yellow-green, heart-shaped, fruit that is 15–20 cm in diameter. It is found in the warmer tropical areas in South and North America, including the Amazon. The fruit pulp is excellent for making drinks and smoothies and though it is slightly sour, it can be eaten out of hand.
Graviola has been used in many different areas to aid in the treatment of different ailments. In the Peruvian Andes, the leaves are used in tea for catarrh (inflammation of mucous membranes) and the seeds are crushed and used to kill parasites. In the Peruvian Amazon the bark, roots, and leaves are used in tea as a sedative and antispasmodic and to help with the treatment of diabetes. In Guyana, the local natives use a leaf and/or bark tea as a sedative and heart tonic. In the Brazilian Amazon a leaf tea is used for liver problems while the oil of the leaves and any unripe fruit is mixed together with olive oil and used for neuralgia, rheumatism, and arthritis. In West Indies, Haiti and Jamaica, the fruit is used for fevers, parasites and diarrhea while the bark or leaf is used as an antispasmodic, sedative, and nervine for heart conditions, coughs, flu, difficult childbirth, asthma, hypertension, and parasites.
"Plant Chemicals Studies on Graviola and its health benefits have been conducted since the early 1940s. Because of the many active compounds and chemicals found in the fruit, studies are still being conducted today.
Plant Chemicals
Studies on Graviola and its health benefits have been conducted since the early 1940s. Because of the many active compounds and chemicals found in the fruit, studies are still being conducted today.
The majority of studies focus on chemicals called Annonaceous acetogenins. The Graviola fruit produces these natural compounds in its leaf, bark, stem and seeds. Research groups have identified that these chemicals have significant properties that work against various types of cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Four studies were conducted and published in 1998, which specify the chemicals and specifically the acetogenins in graviola that are demonstrating the strongest anticancerous, antitumorous, and antiviral properties. Acetogenins are inhibitors of enzyme processes found solely in the membranes of cancerous tumor cells. This is why they are toxic to cancer cells but are not toxic to healthy cells.
Activites and Clinical Research
In 1976 the National Cancer Institute ran a plant screening program and the leaves and stem from the graviola tree showed active toxicity against cancer cells. Since then, researchers have discovered specific acetogenins in graviola that have been reported to be selectively toxic in vitro to these types of tumor cells: lung carcinoma cell lines; human breast solid tumor lines; prostate adenocarcinoma; pancreatic carcinoma cell lines; colon adenocarcinoma cell lines; liver cancer cell lines; human lymphoma cell lines; and multi-drug resistant human breast adenocarcinoma. In 2003, Taiwan researchers reported that the main graviola acetogenin, annonacin, was highly toxic to ovarian, cervical, breast, bladder and skin cancer cell lines at very low dosages.
In March of 2002, Japanese researchers were studying various acetogenins found in several species of plants. Using mice with lung cancer cells, one third received nothing (the control group), one third received the chemotherapy drug adriamycin, and one third received the main graviola acetogenin, annonacin (at a dosage of 10 mg/kg). At the end of a two week study, five out of six in the control group were still alive and therefore their tumor masses were measured. The adriamycin group showed a 54.6% reduction of tumor mass over the control group however 3 out of the 6 mice had died from toxicity. The mice receiving annonacin from the graviola were all alive and the tumors were inhibited by 57.9%. This is better than the adriamycin group and there were no toxicity problems.
Current Practical Uses
Cancer research is always on the go with several attempts to turn these plant chemicals into healthier versions of chemotherapy. It has taken nearly 10 years for scientists to successfully chemically reproduce the main chemical in graviola, annonacin. The next step now is to transform the annonacin and other active acetogenins into patented cancer drugs. Until these drugs are produced, many cancer patients are not waiting but are taking an active role themselves by consuming pure Graviola. The recommended dosage is said to be 2-3 g taken 3-4 times daily.
GRAVIOLA PLANT SUMMARY
Main Actions (in order):
anticancerous, antitumorous, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, hypotensive (lowers blood pressure)
Main Uses:
• for cancer (all types)
• as a broad-spectrum internal and external antimicrobial to treat bacterial and fungal infections
• for internal parasites and worms
• for high blood pressure
• for depression, stress, and nervous disorders
Our Ingredients: Organic & Kosher Graviola Freeze Dried Powder; Made from the highest quality graviola leaves, seed and fruit. All natural vege capsules. No flow agents or fillers. Suggested Use: 6 capsules minimum daily up to 12, supplement with a pro biotic, such as yogurt or probiotic supplements. Do not combine with Co-enzyme q10. Do not take if you are pregnant, lactating or have low blood pressure. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Billion-dollar Drug Company Nearly Squashes Astounding Research
Properties/Actions Documented by Research: antibacterial, anticancerous, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antifungal, antimalarial, antimutagenic (cellular protector), antiparasitic, antispasmodic, antitumorous, cardiodepressant, emetic (causes vomiting), hypotensive (lowers blood pressure), insecticidal, sedative, uterine stimulant, vasodilator
Other Properties/Actions Documented by Traditional Use:
antiviral, cardiotonic (tones, balances, strengthens the heart), decongestant, digestive stimulant, febrifuge (reduces fever), nervine (balances/calms nerves), pediculicide (kills lice), vermifuge (expels worms)
Cautions: It has cardiodepressant, vasodilator, and hypotensive (lowers blood pressure) actions. Large dosages can cause nausea and vomiting. Avoid combining with ATP-enhancers like CoQ10.
Contraindications:
• Graviola has demonstrated uterine stimulant activity in an animal study (rats) and should therefore not be used during pregnancy.
• Graviola has demonstrated hypotensive, vasodilator, and cardiodepressant activities in animal studies and is contraindicated for people with low blood pressure. People taking antihypertensive drugs should check with their doctors before taking graviola and monitor their blood pressure accordingly (as medications may need adjusting).
• Graviola has demonstrated significant in vitro antimicrobial properties. Chronic, long-term use of this plant may lead to die-off of friendly bacteria in the digestive tract due to its antimicrobial properties. Supplementing the diet with probiotics and digestive enzymes is advisable if this plant is used for longer than 30 days.
• Graviola has demonstrated emetic properties in one animal study with pigs. Large single dosages may cause nausea or vomiting. Reduce the usage accordingly if this occurs.
• One study with rats given a stem-bark extract intragastrically (at 100 mg/kg) reported an increase in dopamine, norepinephrine, and monomine oxidase activity, as well as a inhibition of serotonin release in stress-induced rats.
• Alcohol extracts of graviola leaf showed no toxicity or side effects in mice at 100 mg/kg; however, at a dosage of 300 mg/kg, a reduction in explorative behavior and mild abdominal constrictions was observed. If sedation or sleepiness occurs, reduce the amount used.
Drug Interactions: None have been reported; however, graviola may potentiate antihypertensive and cardiac depressant drugs. It may potentiate antidepressant drugs and interfere with MAO-inhibitor drugs. See contraindications above.
WORLDWIDE ETHNOMEDICAL USES:
Brazil
For abscesses, bronchitis, chest problems, cough, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, edema, fever, intestinal colic, intestinal parasites, liver problems, neuralgia, nervousness, pain, parasites, rheumatism, spasms, worms
Caribbean
for chills, fever, flu, indigestion, nervousness, palpitations, rash, spasms, skin disease, and as a sedative
Curaçao
for childbirth, gallbladder problems, nervousness, and as a sedative and tranquilizer
Haiti
for digestive sluggishness, coughs, diarrhea, fever, flu, heart conditions, lactation aid, lice, nerves, parasites, pain, pellagra, sores, spasms, weakness, wounds, and as a sedative
Jamaica
for asthma, fevers, heart conditions, hypertension, lactation aid, nervousness, parasites, spasms, water retention, weakness, worms, and as a sedative
Malaysia
for boils, coughs, diarrhea, dermatosis, hypertension, rheumatism, and to reduce bleeding
Mexico
for diarrhea, dysentery, fever, chest colds, ringworm, scurvy, and to reduce bleeding
Panama
for diarrhea, dyspepsia, kidney, stomach ulcers, worms
Peru
For diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, hypertension, indigestion, inflammation, lice, liver disorders, parasites, spasms, tumors, ulcers (internal), and as a sedative
Trinidad
for blood cleansing, fainting, flu, high blood pressure, insomnia, lactation aid, palpitations, ringworms
U.S.A.
for cancer, depression, fungal infections, hypertension, intestinal parasites, tumors
West Indies
for asthma, childbirth, diarrhea, hypertension, lactation aid, parasites, worms
Elsewhere
for arthritis, asthma, bile insufficiency, childbirth, cancer, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, heart problems, kidney problems, lactation aid, lice, liver disorders, malaria, pain, ringworm, scurvy, stomach problems, and as a sedative
Third-Party Published Research on Graviola
All available third-party documentation and research on graviola be found at PubMed. A partial listing of the third-party published research on graviola is shown below: Anticancerous & Antitumor Actions:
Kojima, N. “Systematic synthesis of antitumor Annonaceous acetogenins” Yakugaku Zasshi. 2004; 124(10): 673-81.
Tormo, J. R., et al. “In vitro antitumor structure-activity relationships of threo/trans/threo mono-tetrahydro-furanic acetogenins: Correlations with their inhibition of mitochondrial complex I.” Oncol. Res. 2003; 14(3): 147-54.
Yuan, S. S., et al. “Annonacin, a mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenin, arrests cancer cells at the G1 phase and causes cytotoxicity in a Bax- and caspase-3-related pathway.” Life Sci. 2003 May: 72(25): 2853-61.
Liaw, C. C., et al. “New cytotoxic monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins from Annona muricata.” J. Nat. Prod. 2002; 65(4): 470-75
Gonzalez-Coloma, A., et al. “Selective action of acetogenin mitochondrial complex I inhibitors.” Z. Naturforsch. 2002; 57(11-12): 1028-34.
Chang, F. R., et al. “Novel cytotoxic Annonaceous acetogenins from Annona muricata.” J. Nat. Prod. 2001; 64(7): 925-31.
Jaramillo, M. C., et al. “Cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of Annona muricata pericarp.” Fitoterapia. 2000; 71 (2): 183-6.
Betancur-Galvis, L., et al. “Antitumor and antiviral activity of Colombian medicinal plant extracts.” Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 1999; 94(4): 531-35.
Kim, G. S., et al. “Muricoreacin and murihexocin C, mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenins, from the leaves of Annona muricata.” Phytochemistry. 1998; 49(2): 565-71.
Kim, G. S., et al. “Two new mono-tetrahydrofuran ring acetogenins, annomuricin E and muricapentocin, from the leaves of Annona muricata.” J. Nat. Prod. 1998; 61(4): 432-36.
Nicolas, H., et al. “Structure-activity relationships of diverse Annonaceous acetogenins against multidrug resistant human mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7/Adr) cells.” J. Med. Chem. 1997; 40(13): 2102-6.
Zeng, L., et al. “Five new monotetrahydrofuran ring acetogenins from the leaves of Annona muricata.” J. Nat. Prod. 1996; 59(11): 1035-42.
Wu, F. E., et al. “Two new cytotoxic monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins, annomuricins A and B, from the leaves of Annona muricata.” J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(6): 830-36.
Oberlies, N. H., et al. “Tumor cell growth inhibition by several Annonaceous acetogenins in an in vitro disk diffusion assay.” Cancer Lett. 1995; 96(1): 55-62.
Wu, F. E., et al. “Additional bioactive acetogenins, annomutacin and (2,4-trans and cis)-10R-annonacin-A-ones, from the leaves of Annona muricata.” J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(9): 1430-37.
Wu, F. E., et al. “New bioactive monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins, annomuricin C and muricatocin C, from the leaves of Annona muricata.” J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(6): 909-5.
Wu, F. E., et al. “Muricatocins A and B, two new bioactive monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins from the leaves of Annona muricata.” J. Nat. Prod. 1995; 58(6): 902-8.
Sundarrao, K., et al. “Preliminary screening of antibacterial and antitumor activities of Papua New Guinean native medicinal plants.” Int. J. Pharmacog. 1993; 31(1): 3-6.
Antimicrobial Actions:
Takahashi, J.A., et al. “Antibacterial activity of eight Brazilian Annonaceae plants.” Nat. Prod. Res. 2006; 20(1): 21-6.
Betancur-Galvis, L., et al. “Antitumor and antiviral activity of Colombian medicinal plant extracts.” Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94(4): 531-35.
Antoun, M. D., et al. "Evaluation of the flora of Puerto Rico for in vitro cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities." Pharmaceutical Biol. 1999; 37(4): 277-280.
Padma, P., et al. “Effect of the extract of Annona muricata and Petunia nyctaginiflora on Herpes simplex virus.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 61(1): 81–3.
Sundarrao, K., et al. “Preliminary screening of antibacterial and antitumor activities of Papua New Guinean native medicinal plants.” Int. J. Pharmacog. 1993; 31(1): 3–6.
Misas, C. A. J., et al. “Contribution to the biological evaluation of Cuban plants. IV.” Rev. Cubana Med. Trop. 1979; 31(1): 29–35.
Antidepressant & Antistress Actions:
Padma, P., et al. “Effect of Annona muricata and Polyalthia cerasoides on brain neurotransmitters and enzyme monoamine oxidase following cold immobilization stress.” J. Natural Remedies 2001; 1(2): 144–46.
Hasrat, J. A., et al. “Screening of medicinal plants from Suriname for 5-HT 1A ligands: Bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids from the fruit of Annona muricata.” Phytomedicine. 1997; 4(20: 133-140.
Padma, P., et al. “Effect of alcohol extract of Annona muricata on cold immobilization stress induced tissue lipid peroxidation.” Phytother. Res. 1997; 11(4): 326-327.
Hasrat, J. A., et al. “Isoquinoline derivatives isolated from the fruit of Annona muricata as 5-HTergic 5-HT1A receptor agonists in rats: unexploited antidepressive (lead) products.” J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1997; 49(11): 1145–49.
Antiparasitic, Antimalarial, & Insecticidal Actions:
Luna, J. S., et al. “Acetogenins in Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) leaves are potent molluscicides.” Nat. Prod. Res. 2006; 20(3): 253-7.
Jaramillo, M. C., et al. “Cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of Annona muricata pericarp.” Fitoterapia. 2000; 71(2): 183–6.
Alali, F. Q., et al. “Annonaceous acetogenins as natural pesticides; potent toxicity against insecticide-susceptible and resistant German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).” J. Econ. Entomol. 1998; 91(3): 641-9.
Antoun, M. D., et al. "Screening of the flora of Puerto Rico for potential antimalarial bioactives.” Int. J. Pharmacog. 1993; 31(4): 255–58.
Heinrich, M., et al. “Parasitological and microbiological evaluation of Mixe Indian medicinal plants (Mexico).” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1992; 36(1): 81–5.
Bories, C., et al. “Antiparasitic activity of Annona muricata and Annona cherimolia seeds.” Planta Med. 1991; 57(5): 434–36.
Gbeassor, M., et al. “In vitro antimalarial activity of six medicinal plants.” Phytother. Res. 1990; 4(3): 115–17.
Tattersfield, F., et al. “The insecticidal properties of certain species of Annona and an Indian strain of Mundulea sericea (Supli).” Ann. Appl. Biol. 1940; 27: 262–73.
Anticonvulsant, Antispasmodic, & Smooth Muscle Relaxant Actions:
N’gouemo, P., et al. “Effects of ethanol extract of Annona muricata on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsive seizures in mice.” Phytother. Res. 1997; 11(3): 243–45.
Feng, P. C., et al. “Pharmacological screening of some West Indian medicinal plants.” J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1962; 14: 556–61.
Hypotensive & Cardiodepressant Actions
Carbajal, D., et al. “Pharmacological screening of plant decoctions commonly used in Cuban folk medicine.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 33(1/2): 21–4.
Feng, P. C., et al. “Pharmacological screening of some West Indian medicinal plants.” J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1962; 14: 556–61.
Meyer, T. M. “The alkaloids of Annona muricata.” Ing. Ned. Indie. 1941; 8(6): 64.
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